# Unlocking the Bioactive Potential and Exploring Novel Applications for Portuguese Endemic Santolina impressa

## TL;DR

This study explores the chemical and bioactive properties of Santolina impressa, a Portuguese plant, revealing its anti-inflammatory and skin-related benefits.

## Contribution

The study identifies new bioactive properties of Santolina impressa relevant to pharmaceutical and dermocosmetic applications.

## Key findings

- The plant's infusion showed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory protein levels.
- It inhibited fibroblast migration, lipid accumulation, and melanogenesis.
- The infusion reduced cellular senescence markers like β-galactosidase activity and p53/p21 protein levels.

## Abstract

The infusion of Santolina impressa, an endemic Portuguese plant, is traditionally used to treat various infections and disorders. This study aimed to assess its chemical profile by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn and validate its anti-inflammatory potential. In addition, the antioxidant capacity and effects on wound healing, lipogenesis, melanogenesis, and cellular senescence, all processes in which a dysregulated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role, were unveiled. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, cell migration was determined using a scratch wound assay, lipogenesis was assessed on T0901317-stimulated keratinocytes and melanogenesis on 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-activated melanocytes. Etoposide was used to induce senescence in fibroblasts. Our results point out a chemical composition predominantly characterized by dicaffeoylquinic acids and low amounts of flavonols. Regarding the infusion’s bioactive potential, an anti-inflammatory effect was evident through a decrease in nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-interleukin-1β protein levels. Moreover, a decrease in fibroblast migration was observed, as well as an inhibition in both intracellular lipid accumulation and melanogenesis. Furthermore, the infusion decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, γH2AX nuclear accumulation and both p53 and p21 protein levels. Overall, this study confirms the traditional uses of S. impressa and ascribes additional properties of interest in the pharmaceutical and dermocosmetics industries.