# Structural Evolution of Small-Sized Phosphorus-Doped Boron Clusters: A Half-Sandwich-Structured PB15 Cluster

## TL;DR

This study explores the structural changes and stability of phosphorus-doped boron clusters, revealing unique shapes and electronic properties that could guide future experiments.

## Contribution

The discovery of a half-sandwich-like structure in PB15 and its stability due to electronic properties is a novel finding.

## Key findings

- PB15 neutral cluster has a half-sandwich-like structure with high stability.
- PBn− clusters (n = 3–17) mostly adopt planar or quasi-planar structures.
- Photoelectron spectra of PBn− clusters show distinct peaks aiding future identification.

## Abstract

The present study is a theoretical investigation into the structural evolution, electronic properties, and photoelectron spectra of phosphorus-doped boron clusters PBn0/− (n = 3–17). The results of this study revealed that the lowest energy structures of PBn− (n = 3–17) clusters, except for PB17−, exhibit planar or quasi-planar structures. The lowest energy structures of PBn (n = 3–17), with the exceptions of PB7, PB9, and PB15, are planar or quasi-planar. The ground state of PB7 has an umbrella-shaped structure, with C6V symmetry. Interestingly, the neutral cluster PB15 has a half-sandwich-like structure, in which the P atom is attached to three B atoms at one end of the sandwich, exhibiting excellent relative and chemical stability due to its higher second-order energy difference and larger HOMO–LUMO energy gap of 4.31 eV. Subsequently, adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) and electron localization function (ELF) analyses demonstrate the bonding characteristics of PB7 and PB15, providing support for the validity of their stability. The calculated photoelectron spectra show distinct characteristic peaks of PBn− (n = 3–17) clusters, thus providing theoretical evidence for the future identification of doped boron clusters. In summary, our work has significant implications for understanding the structural evolution of doped boron clusters PBn0/− (n = 3–17), motivating further experiments regarding doped boron clusters.