# Helical Hybrid Nanostructure Based on Chiral M13 Bacteriophage via Evaporation-Induced Three-Dimensional Process

## TL;DR

Researchers used the M13 bacteriophage's chirality to create helical nanostructures with metal nanoparticles through a 3D printing process.

## Contribution

A novel method for fabricating chiral hybrid nanostructures using M13 bacteriophage and evaporation-induced 3D printing.

## Key findings

- Metal nanoparticles self-assembled into helical chains at the meniscus interface guided by M13 bacteriophage.
- External parameters like nanoparticle shape and pulling speed significantly influenced helical nanostructure formation.
- The study demonstrates a controllable approach to fabricate chiral nanostructures for optical and sensor applications.

## Abstract

The use of naturally sourced organic materials with chirality, such as the M13 bacteriophage, holds intriguing implications, especially in the field of nanotechnology. The chirality properties of bacteriophages have been demonstrated through numerous studies, particularly in the analysis of liquid crystal phase transitions, developing specific applications. However, exploring the utilization of the M13 bacteriophage as a template for creating chiral nanostructures for optics and sensor applications comes with significant challenges. In this study, the chirality of the M13 bacteriophage was leveraged as a valuable tool for generating helical hybrid structures by combining it with nanoparticles through an evaporation-induced three-dimensional (3D) printing process. Utilizing on the self-assembly property of the M13 bacteriophage, metal nanoparticles were organized into a helical chain under the influence of the M13 bacteriophage at the meniscus interface. External parameters, including nanoparticle shape, the ratio between the bacteriophage and nanoparticles, and pulling speed, were demonstrated as crucial factors affecting the fabrication of helical nanostructures. This study aimed to explore the potential of chiral nanostructure fabrication by utilizing the chirality of the M13 bacteriophage and manipulating external parameters to control the properties of the resulting hybrid structures.