Non-Invasive Raman Classification Comparison with pXRF of Monochrome and Related Qing Porcelains: Lead-Rich-, Lead-Poor-, and Alkali-Based Glazes
Philippe Colomban, Xavier Gallet, Gulsu Simsek Franci, Nicolas Fournery, Béatrice Quette
TL;DR
This study compares Raman and XRF techniques to analyze Qing Dynasty porcelain glazes, revealing insights into their composition and authenticity.
Contribution
The study provides new Raman spectral signatures for glazes, useful for non-invasive classification and detecting counterfeit artifacts.
Findings
Raman spectroscopy is more reliable than pXRF for comparing lead content in porcelain glazes.
Turquoise glazes unexpectedly contain low lead levels, possibly to enhance gloss.
Distinct glaze types include lead-rich, lead-poor-alkali, lead-doped alkali, and alkali-based compositions.
Abstract
Chinese porcelain with an optically clear colored glaze, imported to Europe from the Kangxi period (1662–1722, Qing Dynasty) onwards was highly collected by the French Elite of the 18th century. The bright colors with a clear, shiny glaze were unlike anything produced in Europe at that time. The colors of enamelled artifacts (on biscuits or already glazed porcelain) can be fully monochrome or consist of associations of large monochromatic areas with or without application of gilding. Non-invasive portable XRF and mobile Raman analyses have previously shown their effectiveness in the characterization of (colored) glassy silicates. In this study, we compare the Raman signatures of twenty-one Chinese artifacts fully—or with major monochrome area (sancai)—decorated with blue, turquoise (or celectian blue), honey-yellow, green, eggplant, and red color. Different types of glazes are…
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Taxonomy
TopicsCultural Heritage Materials Analysis · Building materials and conservation · Conservation Techniques and Studies