# Concentrations of Glypican-4, Irisin and Total Antioxidant Status in Women with Metabolic Syndrome: Influence of Physical Activity

## TL;DR

This study examines how physical activity affects glypican-4, irisin, and antioxidant levels in women with and without metabolic syndrome.

## Contribution

The study reveals the impact of physical activity on biomarkers in women with metabolic syndrome, focusing on glypican-4 and antioxidant status.

## Key findings

- Physical activity reduced body fat mass in women with metabolic syndrome without altering glypican-4, irisin, or TAS levels.
- Glypican-4 levels correlated positively with irisin and negatively with waist-hip ratio.
- Irisin levels correlated positively with HDL-C and negatively with waist circumference and waist-hip ratio.

## Abstract

Glypican-4 belongs to a group of poorly understood adipokines, with potential importance in people with metabolic syndrome, especially in groups of patients with glucose metabolism disorder. This study aimed to assess the effect of physical activity on serum glypican-4 and irisin levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma and saliva in women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Seventy-two Caucasian women aged 25–60 were included in the study (36 women with MetS and 36 women without MetS (control group, CONTR)). The glypican-4 and irisin concentrations, total antioxidant status, glycemia, lipid profile, anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure were analyzed before and after 28 days of controlled physical activity. Serum glypican-4 and plasma TAS levels were higher (p = 0.006 and p = 0.043, respectively) on the 28th day than on the first day of the study only in the CONTR group. In the MetS group, 28 days of physical activity caused a reduction in body fat mass (p = 0.049) without changes in glypican-4, irisin, or TAS levels. In both groups, glypican-4 levels correlated positively with irisin levels and negatively with Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), while irisin levels correlated positively with High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and negatively with waist circumference (WC) and WHR values on the 28th day of the study. To summarize, a 28-day moderate training, accompanied by a reduction in body fat mass, stabilized glypican-4 levels and TAS in female patients with MetS.