# Learning to Listen: Changes in Children’s Brain Activity Following a Listening Comprehension Intervention

## TL;DR

A study shows that teaching young children to simulate stories with visual and motor actions improves their listening comprehension and changes brain activity.

## Contribution

The study demonstrates that a simulation-based intervention enhances listening comprehension and alters neural activity in young children.

## Key findings

- Children in the intervention answered comprehension questions more accurately than the control group.
- Improved comprehension was linked to changes in EEG mu and alpha desynchronization.
- The intervention's effects transferred to new stories without explicit instruction.

## Abstract

“Are you LISTENING?” may be one of the most frequent questions preschoolers hear from their parents and teachers, but can children be taught to listen carefully—and thus better comprehend language—and if so, what changes occur in their brains? Twenty-seven four- and five-year-old children were taught a language simulation strategy to use while listening to stories: first, they practiced moving graphics on an iPad to correspond to the story actions, and then they practiced imagining the movements. Compared to a control condition, children in the intervention answered comprehension questions more accurately when imagining moving the graphics and on a measure of transfer using a new story without any instruction and with only immovable graphics. Importantly, for children in the intervention, the change in comprehension from the first to the sixth day was strongly correlated with changes in EEG mu and alpha desynchronization, suggesting changes in motor and visual processing following the intervention. Thus, the data are consistent with our hypothesis that a language simulation listening comprehension intervention can improve children’s listening comprehension by teaching children to align visual and motor processing with language comprehension.