# Incorporating a Hands-On Device-Based Activity in a Human Factors Biomedical Engineering Course in Sub-Saharan Africa

## TL;DR

A biomedical engineering course in Malawi incorporated a hands-on activity using a local vital signs monitor to improve student engagement and understanding of human factors.

## Contribution

A new hands-on module was developed to bridge the gap between human factors theory and local clinical needs in a low-income setting.

## Key findings

- Students gained practical insights into human factors through evaluating the IMPALA device's design.
- Interactive activities increased student engagement compared to lectures.
- Students applied human factors knowledge to their final-year design projects.

## Abstract

A challenge in building the biomedical engineering human factors course at Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences was integrating meaningful direct experiences with medical products. The instructor also noticed a significant gap between the topics in the course and their surrounding clinical context, a low-income setting. Recognizing that devices should be designed and evaluated in the context of the local users’ needs and situations, new hands-on modules were created and implemented in this BME human factors course. Students were asked to critically evaluate and make recommendations to improve the human factors aspects of the software and hardware of the IMPALA, a vital signs monitoring device developed for use in Malawi. Engaging with this medical device, students observed and understood many issues discussed in human factors, including the design of ports, controls, and other user interfaces. The collaboration between the course and the IMPALA project harnessed the local expertise of students to improve the design of a new patient monitoring system. Thus, the IMPALA project itself benefited from this collaboration. Second, students greatly benefited from applying the class concepts to the IMPALA. Students were engaged far more during the interactive components than during the lecture components. Many students successfully translated their knowledge on human factors to their final-year design project.