# Bacteriospermia-Related Male Infertility: A Case Report on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

## TL;DR

This case report shows how bacterial infection in semen can cause male infertility and how treatment can lead to successful fertilization.

## Contribution

The paper presents a novel case report linking bacteriospermia to infertility and demonstrating successful treatment outcomes.

## Key findings

- Bacteriospermia caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was associated with poor sperm parameters and high DNA fragmentation.
- Antibiotic therapy and antioxidant supplements improved sperm DNA integrity and resolved microbial colonization.
- Successful in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer followed treatment, resulting in a positive pregnancy outcome.

## Abstract

Male infertility is significantly affected by bacteriospermia, defined by the presence of bacteria in semen. This case report aims to address the effects of bacteriospermia and its correlation with semen characteristics, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), and reproductive outcomes. The 33-year-old male was diagnosed with bacteriospermia caused by two gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was found that sperm parameters such as mobility, number, and morphology were compromised in sperm, indicating poor fertility. In addition, SDF analysis has revealed a high DNA fragmentation index (DFI), emphasizing the detrimental effects of bacteriospermia on the integrity of sperm. Antibiotic therapy and antioxidant supplements have been used as therapeutic measures to reduce the impact of bacterial infections and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress (OS). Follow-up assessments showed significant improvements in the integrity of the sperm DNA and the resolution of microbial colonization, which ultimately led to successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), leading to a positive pregnancy outcome.