# Phosphorus and nitrogen-containing soybean oil polyols: Effect on the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of polyurethane foam

## TL;DR

This study creates flame-retardant polyurethane foam using renewable soybean oil-based polyols with phosphorus and nitrogen, improving thermal stability but reducing mechanical strength.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in synthesizing phosphorus-nitrogen-based biopolyols from soybean oil for flame-retardant polyurethane foam with nonleaching properties.

## Key findings

- Using 100% ESBO-DYM increased the limiting oxygen index to 22.9% and char yield to 17% at 600 °C.
- Foam density decreased to 29.1 kg/m³ with higher ESBO-DYM content.
- Compression strength of foams decreased with ESBO-DYM addition.

## Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in producing new materials that use renewable resources and halogen-free flame retardants with nonleaching properties. This research focuses on designing and synthesizing phosphorus-nitrogen-based biopolyols for use in polyurethane (PU) foam production. Polyol (ESBO-DYM) with dual functionalities, renewability, and nonflammability is synthesized through the epoxy ring-opening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil with phosphorus and nitrogen-containing tetraol products (DYM). The mechanical and flame retardant properties of PU foams with the addition of an ESBO-DYM were investigated. Increasing the amount of phosphorus in the PU foams increased the thermal stability properties. Using 100% ESBO-DYM as a polyol in the foam formulation increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 22.9% and resulted in the highest char yield according to the thermal gravimetric analysis (17% at 600 °C). Additionally, the introduction of ESBO-DYM polyol into the formulation resulted in a decrease in the compression strength of the foams. The foam density decreased as the amount of ESBO-DYM polyol in the formulation increased. The foam with the highest amount of ESBO-DYM had a foam density of 29.1 kg/m3. The morphology of the foams was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result of this study, flame retardant polyurethane foams were formulated using a renewable source, polyol, along with commercial compounds.