Transposition of the Great Arteries With Ventricular Septal Defect in a One-Month-Old Infant

TL;DR

This case report describes a one-month-old infant with a rare heart defect called transposition of the great arteries and a ventricular septal defect, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and surgical intervention.

Contribution

The paper presents a clinical case highlighting the significance of prompt diagnosis and management of transposition of the great arteries in infants.

Findings

Transposition of the great arteries is often accompanied by other cardiac defects like ventricular septal defect.

Surgical correction via arterial switch operation is the preferred treatment for this condition.

Early antenatal screening and critical care are crucial for managing infants with this defect.

Abstract

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA), also termed complete transposition, is a congenital cardiac defect, and it is subjected to the concordance of the atrioventricular system discordance of the ventriculoarterial (VA) system. Male babies have slightly more preponderance than female babies. In almost half of the cases reported, the discordance in the VA system is the sole finding. In 10% of cases, TGA is often caused by other cardiac deformities, which incorporate defects in the septum of the ventricular chamber and stenosis in the left ventricular outlet. Eventually, these recite the progression, prognosis, and clinical presentation. In most cases, the onset is as soon as the birth. However, it may vary and depend on the difference in the anatomical and functional types, which determine the level of amalgamation between the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The etiology of the following condition is still unknown, but this defect is known to have a genetic preponderance. The definitive management of this condition is surgery, but medical management is optional and is prescribed according to the clinical evaluation and includes furosemide. Surgical correction can be performed in the later course of time, ensuring the fitness of the child. The procedure of choice is the arterial switch operation. This case report emphasizes the vital function of extensive critical care of newborns and prompt antenatal screening of high-risk pregnancies. It also highlights the importance of quick healthcare practices for newborns with congenital disabilities.

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