# Ecophysiological responses of native and introduced coastal tree species parasitized by Cassytha filiformis in Brunei

## TL;DR

This study examines how a parasitic vine affects the ecophysiology of native and introduced coastal tree species in Brunei.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the ecophysiological responses of native and introduced hosts to parasitism by Cassytha filiformis.

## Key findings

- Infected hosts showed negative impacts, but native host-parasite associations performed better than introduced ones.
- Total phenols and tannins were significantly higher in introduced hosts compared to native hosts.
- Parasitism did not significantly hinder the ecophysiological performance of infected hosts, suggesting possible coexistence.

## Abstract

Hemiparasitic Cassytha filiformis commonly infects native host (Dillenia suffruticosa and Melastoma malabathricum) and introduced host (Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium) species in threatened heath forests in Brunei. This study aims to investigate the impact of parasitism on the ecophysiology of these host species. This study addresses the research gap in understanding the ecophysiology of C. filiformis–host associations, particularly when native and introduced hosts were infected. We generated CO2 and light response curves to examine the effects of increasing CO2 and light levels of infected and uninfected hosts and examined gaseous exchange, mineral nutrients, and secondary bioactive compounds of host–parasite associations. Infected hosts were negatively impacted by C. filiformis as exhibited in the CO2 and light response curves, with C. filiformis–native host association performing better than introduced species. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between infected and uninfected hosts, except in D. suffruticosa. Certain nutrient contents showed significant differences, but total N, Ca, and K in uninfected hosts were similar to infected hosts. Total phenols and tannins were significantly higher in introduced hosts than native hosts. Our findings asserted that this hemiparasitic vine relies on both its photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient acquisition from its hosts. The parasitism did not significantly hinder the ecophysiological performance of infected hosts, suggesting a plausible co‐existence between the hosts and C. filiformis. This study provides essential ecophysiological information for future research on how C. filiformis can establish itself without negatively impacting the co‐habitating native hosts.

Our study aims to uncover the impacts of Cassytha filiformis on two native and two introduced hosts in terms of photosynthetic parameters, nutrient levels, and secondary bioactive compounds. Significant results were shown in certain nutrient contents, as well as total phenols and tannins in C. filiformis–host dynamics. We deduced that parasitism did not significantly hinder the ecophysiological performance of infected hosts, suggesting a plausible co‐existence between the hosts and C. filiformis.