# Comparison of serum levels of interleukin 33 in combination with serum levels of C-reactive protein, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, and Immunoglobulin M in recurrent pregnancy loss: A case-control study

## TL;DR

This study compares immune-related blood markers in women with and without recurrent pregnancy loss, finding significant differences in IgM levels.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the potential role of IL-33 and other immune markers in recurrent pregnancy loss, highlighting IgM as a significant differentiator.

## Key findings

- Serum IgM levels were significantly different between the case and control groups (p = 0.003).
- No significant differences were observed in IL-33, C-reactive protein, IgA, or IgG levels between groups.
- Results suggest the need for further research to clarify the role of immune markers in recurrent pregnancy loss.

## Abstract

One of the critical cases of recurrent pregnancy loss is immunological factors, whereas obtaining effective prevention or treatment is necessary for cognition of reasons.

In this study, we tried to evaluate some immunological factors related to recurrent pregnancy loss.

This case-control study was conducted on 66 women at the age of 18–35 yr who were referred to the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital, Zahedan, Iran, from August-December 2019. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and C-reactive protein levels were measured by serology and hematology methods.

The mean age of total participants was 30.8
±
3.80 yr. The mean serum IL-33 in the case group was 318.5
±
254.1 pg/ml and was lower than the control group (354.2
±
259.9 pg/ml), which was not statistically significant (p = 0.52). The level of C-reactive protein in the case and control was not significantly different (p = 0.27), and Immunoglobulin A and Immunoglobulin G in the case and control were also not significantly different (p = 0.46, and p = 0.16, respectively), but there were significant differences (p = 0.003) between the level of the IgM in the case and control groups.

No statistically significant difference was observed in the IL-33 serum level, for at least 4–6 months after the last abortion in the case group and the final live birth in the control group. In contrast, serum levels of IgM were statistically significant. Finally, the need for more studies is felt according to the different results of the previous studies in this field.