# Metachondromatosis: A Confusing Disease

**Authors:** Alejandro Blasco, Marta Salom, Francisco Giner, Emilio Baixauli, Francisco Baixauli

PMC · DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736614 · Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia · 2021-11-04

## TL;DR

Metachondromatosis is a rare genetic disease involving abnormal PTPN11 gene function, causing bone tumors that can be difficult to diagnose and differentiate from other similar conditions.

## Contribution

The paper presents a case study of a 5-year-old girl with metachondromatosis, highlighting atypical radiographic features and emphasizing the importance of differential diagnosis.

## Key findings

- Multiple osteochondroma-like lesions grew toward the epiphysis, an atypical feature.
- Columnar enchondroma-like lesions were found in multiple skeletal locations.
- Some tumors regressed over time, a characteristic not commonly reported in similar diseases.

## Abstract

Metachondromatosis is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease with incomplete penetrance that involves abnormal function of the
PTPN11
gene. Differentiation between chondrogenic tumors is a challenge for orthopedists. We report a case of a 5 year-old girl with metachondromatosis, a disease that shares attributes with osteochondromas and enchondromas. We found multiple osteochondroma-like lesions with the atypical characteristic of guiding its growth toward the neighboring joint (epyphisis) instead of moving away from it. Furthermore, columnar enchondroma-like lesions were clearly visible in the right distal radius, in the proximal femoral cervix and in the iliac crests. The patient reported that some other tumor had disappeared or downsized with time. This case was debated between a multidisciplinary skeletal dysplasia group. The aforementioned clinical and radiographic findings reinforced the hypothetical diagnosis of metachondromatosis. Definitive diagnosis of metachondromatosis requires a combination of clinical, radiographical and histopathological findings. Differential diagnosis between enchondromas, osteochondromas and metachondromatosis is vital due to differences in malignization and natural history. When a patient has multiple enchondromas and osteochondromas with regression of some lesions and atypical radiographical characteristic of the osteochondroma-like lesions pointing toward the epiphysis, metachondromatosis, a rare disease, must be considered. Surgical treatment is reserved for painful lesions Risk of malignization is insignificant and genetic advice must be given due it is an autosomal dominant disease.

Metacondromatose é uma doença genética autossômica rara com penetração incompleta que envolve função anormal do gene
PTPN11
. A diferenciação entre tumores condrogênicos é um desafio para os ortopedistas. Relatamos um caso de uma menina de 5 anos com metacondromatose, doença que compartilha atributos com osteocondromas e encondromas. Encontramos múltiplas lesões semelhantes a osteocondromas com a característica atípica de guiar seu crescimento em direção à articulação vizinha (epífise) em vez de se afastar dela. Além disso, as lesões semelhantes a encondromas colunares eram claramente visíveis no raio distal direito, no colo uterino femoral proximal e nas cristas ilíacas. A paciente relatou que algum outro tumor tinha desaparecido ou reduzido com o tempo. Este caso foi debatido entre um grupo multidisciplinar de displasia esquelética. Os achados clínicos e radiográficos acima mencionados reforçam o diagnóstico hipotético da metacondromatose. O diagnóstico definitivo da metacondromatose é uma combinação de achados clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos. O diagnóstico diferencial entre encondromas, osteocondromas e metacondromatose é vital devido a diferenças na malignização e na história natural. Quando um paciente tem encondromas múltiplos e osteocondromas com regressão de algumas lesões e característica radiográfica atípica das lesões semelhantes ao osteocondroma apontando para a epífise, a metacondromatose, uma doença rara, deve ser considerada. Tratamento cirúrgico é reservado para lesões dolorosas. O risco de malignização é insignificante e conselhos genéticos devem ser dados por se tratar de uma doença autossômica dominante.

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** PTPN11 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11) [NCBI Gene 5781]
- **Diseases:** metachondromatosis (MONDO:0007979)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** PTPN11 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11) [NCBI Gene 5781] {aka BPTP3, CFC, JMML, METCDS, NS1, PTP-1D}
- **Diseases:** osteochondroma-like lesions (MESH:D015831), skeletal dysplasia (MESH:C535858), Metachondromatosis (MESH:C562938), enchondromas (MESH:D002812), autosomal dominant disease (MESH:D030342), chondrogenic tumors (MESH:D009369), multiple (MESH:D009104)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

3 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11254425/full.md

## References

8 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11254425/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11254425