Existence of edge modes in periodic microstrip transmission line

TL;DR

This paper shows that edge modes in a periodic microstrip transmission line can enable microwave tunneling and high selectivity filtering.

Contribution

The novel contribution is demonstrating that edge modes can be induced in microstrip transmission lines through defected cells, enabling high transitivity microwave tunneling.

Findings

Edge modes are absent in symmetric microstrip unit cells but can be induced with defected cells.

Edge modes enable microwave tunneling with high transitivity in frequency gaps.

The system acts as a narrow passband filter with high selectivity and significant group delay.

Abstract

The microstrip of modulated width is a realization of a one-dimensional photonic crystal operating in the microwave regime. Like any photonic crystal, the periodic microstrip is characterised by the presence of frequency bands and band gaps that enable and prohibit wave propagation, respectively. The frequency bands for microstrip of the symmetric unit cell can be distinguished by 0 or \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pi$$\end{document}π Zak phase. The sum of these topological parameters for all bands below a given frequency gap determines the value of the surface impedance at the end of the microstrip. We demonstrate that edge modes are absent in a finite microstrip terminated at both ends in the centres of unit cells, but they can be induced by adding the defected cells. Edge modes present at both ends of the microstrip enable microwave tunneling with high transitivity in the frequency gap with or without a change in phase. This has been demonstrated experimentally and developed in detail using numerical simulations and model calculations. The investigated system, with a doublet of edge modes in the frequency gap, can be considered as a narrow passband filter of high selectivity and characterised by a significant group delay.

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