# High Density Body Surface Potential Mapping with Conducting Polymer‐Eutectogel Electrode Arrays for ECG imaging

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a high-density, flexible electrode array for improved heart imaging, making it more accurate and suitable for clinical use.

## Contribution

A novel conducting polymer electrode array is developed for high-density body surface potential mapping optimized for ECGi.

## Key findings

- Prototype arrays demonstrated valid parameters for high-density BSPM.
- Temporal, spectral, and correlation analyses confirmed feasibility for ECGi.
- The design enables conformable, long-term, and easily attachable electrode arrays.

## Abstract

Electrocardiography imaging (ECGi) is a non‐invasive inverse reconstruction procedure which employs body surface potential maps (BSPM) obtained from surface electrode array measurements to improve the spatial resolution and interpretability of conventional electrocardiography (ECG) for the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction. ECGi currently lacks precision, which has prevented its adoption in clinical setups. The introduction of high‐density electrode arrays could increase ECGi reconstruction accuracy but is not attempted before due to manufacturing and processing limitations. Advances in multiple fields have now enabled the implementation of such arrays which poses questions on optimal array design parameters for ECGi. In this work, a novel conducting polymer electrode manufacturing process on flexible substrates is proposed to achieve high‐density, mm‐sized, conformable, long‐term, and easily attachable electrode arrays for BSPM with parameters optimally selected for ECGi applications. Temporal, spectral, and correlation analysis are performed on a prototype array demonstrating the validity of the chosen parameters and the feasibility of high‐density BSPM, paving the way for ECGi devices fit for clinical application.

A high‐density conducting polymer electrode array for body surface potential mapping (BSPM) is proposed, with parameters optimally selected for electrocardiographic imaging (ECGi) applications. Temporal, spectral, and correlation analyses performed on prototype arrays confirm the optimal set of parameters and demonstrate the feasibility of high‐density BSPM, paving the way for ECGi devices fit for clinical application.