# Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adults Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: Prevalence and Correlates

## TL;DR

Adults with multiple sclerosis are more likely to report ADHD symptoms, and relapses and smartphone addiction are linked to more severe symptoms.

## Contribution

This study identifies MS as a risk factor for ADHD symptoms and highlights relapses and smartphone addiction as correlates.

## Key findings

- People with MS had significantly higher ADHD symptoms compared to healthy controls.
- Relapses in the last 6 months and smartphone addiction were linked to severe ADHD symptoms in PwMS.
- MS diagnosis was identified as a risk factor for higher ADHD symptoms in this study.

## Abstract

Background: The relationship between adult ADHD symptoms in People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) is understudied. This study aimed to answer two questions: are PwMS more likely to experience higher ADHD symptoms versus healthy subjects? And what are the correlates of severe ADHD symptoms in PwMS? Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional design with predefined inclusion criteria. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 (ASRS) was used to assess the ADHD symptoms severity. Results: Data were analyzed from 171 PwMS and 200 controls. Regression analysis revealed that PwMS were at a significantly (B = 3.05, t = 2.24, 95% CI = 0.37–5.73, p = 0.02) higher risk to report higher ADHD scores versus controls. In addition, PwMS with relapses in the last 6 months and PwMS reporting smartphone addiction were at a significantly higher risk for severe ADHD (B = 7.19, t = 269, 95% CI = 1.91–12.48, p = 0.008) and (B = 9.18, t = 3.47, 95% CI = 3.97–14.41, p = 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, diagnosis with MS in our study was identified as a risk for higher ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: Further research is required to establish this relationship, and holistic medical and psychological interventions are required to improve the cognitive status of PwMS.