# Cognitive Distortions as Barriers to Seeking Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Comparative Study

## TL;DR

This study compares cognitive distortions in smokers who seek treatment versus those who do not, identifying specific thinking patterns that may prevent people from getting help to quit smoking.

## Contribution

The study identifies distinct cognitive distortions in treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking smokers, offering insights for targeted interventions.

## Key findings

- Higher nicotine dependence was linked to a greater likelihood of seeking treatment.
- Treatment-seekers showed more 'all-or-nothing thinking' about smoking cessation.
- Non-treatment-seekers had higher levels of 'labeling', 'mental filtering', and 'minimizing the positive' cognitive distortions.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Despite the availability of effective pharmacotherapy and evidence-based treatments, a substantial proportion of smokers do not seek treatment. This study aims to explore the cognitive distortions associated with not seeking evidence-based smoking cessation treatment and to identify cognitive barriers. Methods: The research conducted in Istanbul between October and December 2017 employs a cross-sectional design and includes two groups: a treatment-seeking group comprising 156 patients diagnosed with tobacco use disorder and a non-treatment seeking group of 78 patients with tobacco use disorder who had never sought professional help for smoking cessation. A comprehensive data collection process was used, including sociodemographic information, cognitive distortion assessment using the cognitive distortions scale, a smoking-related cognitive distortions interview and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results: While no significant sociodemographic differences were observed between the treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking groups, the study found that higher nicotine dependence was associated with a higher likelihood of seeking treatment. The treatment-seeking group displayed significantly higher levels of “all-or-nothing thinking” cognitive distortions related to smoking and smoking cessation. Conversely, the non-treatment-seeking group exhibited elevated levels of cognitive distortions such as “labeling”, “mental filtering”, “should statements” and “minimizing the positive” regarding receiving smoking cessation treatment. Conclusions: Understanding the cognitive distortions associated with treatment-seeking behavior for tobacco use disorder is crucial for developing targeted public-based interventions, public service announcements for tobacco use prevention and encouraging individuals to seek evidence-based treatment. Addressing these cognitive distortions can also potentially enhance the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs and reduce the global burden of tobacco-related diseases and mortality.