Feasibility study to unveil the potential: considerations of constrained spherical deconvolution tractography with unsedated neonatal diffusion brain MRI data

TL;DR

This study shows that constrained spherical deconvolution tractography can reconstruct complex brain fiber structures in unsedated neonates, but results are sensitive to imaging and processing settings.

Contribution

Demonstrates the feasibility of CSD tractography for neonatal diffusion MRI and highlights the impact of processing parameters on results.

Findings

CSD tractography successfully reconstructed crossing fiber bundles in unsedated neonatal dMRI data.

Tractography results were highly sensitive to image resolution and processing settings, affecting streamline count and diffusion measures.

Diffusion measures like fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity varied by up to 23% based on processing choices.

Abstract

The study aimed to (1) assess the feasibility constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) tractography to reconstruct crossing fiber bundles with unsedated neonatal diffusion MRI (dMRI), and (2) demonstrate the impact of spatial and angular resolution and processing settings on tractography and derived quantitative measures.

For the purpose of this study, the term-equivalent dMRIs (single-shell b800, and b2000, both 5 b0, and 45 gradient directions) of two moderate-late preterm infants (with and without motion artifacts) from a local cohort [Brain Imaging in Moderate-late Preterm infants (BIMP) study; Calgary, Canada] and one infant from the developing human connectome project with high-quality dMRI (using the b2600 shell, comprising 20 b0 and 128 gradient directions, from the multi-shell dataset) were selected. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and CSD tractography were compared on b800 and b2000 dMRI. Varying image resolution modifications, (pre-)processing and tractography settings were tested to assess their impact on tractography. Each experiment involved visualizing local modeling and tractography for the corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts, and assessment of morphological and diffusion measures.

Contrary to DTI, CSD enabled reconstruction of crossing fibers. Tractography was susceptible to image resolution, (pre-) processing and tractography settings. In addition to visual variations, settings were found to affect streamline count, length, and diffusion measures (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity). Diffusion measures exhibited variations of up to 23%.

Reconstruction of crossing fiber bundles using CSD tractography with unsedated neonatal dMRI data is feasible. Tractography settings affected streamline reconstruction, warranting careful documentation of methods for reproducibility and comparison of cohorts.

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