Short-term OS as a surrogate endpoint for 5-year OS in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in non-endemic area

TL;DR

This study shows that short-term survival rates can predict long-term survival in nasopharyngeal cancer patients in non-endemic regions.

Contribution

It validates short-term OS as a reliable surrogate for 5-year OS in non-endemic NPC patients.

Findings

4-year OS rates were similar to 5-year OS rates for stage I NPC patients regardless of treatment.

3-year OS rates in the radiotherapy group showed no significant difference from 5-year OS rates for advanced stages.

Short-term OS rates may reliably predict long-term outcomes in non-endemic NPC patients.

Abstract

To address this evidence gap and validate short-term OS at less than 5 years as a reliable surrogate endpoint for 5-year OS.

We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, focusing on non-metastatic NPC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015. Patients were categorized into radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy groups.

This retrospective study examined 2,047 non-metastatic NPC patients. Among them, 217 received radiotherapy, and 1,830 received chemoradiotherapy. Our analysis results indicated that the 4-year OS may serve as a reliable surrogate endpoint for patients with AJCC clinical stage I (80 vs. 78%, P = 0.250), regardless of the treatment received. Specifically, in the radiotherapy group, patients with stage I, T0-T1, and N0 NPC showed similar OS rates at 4 and 5 years (83 vs. 82%, P = 1.000; 78 vs. 76%, P = 0.250; 78 vs. 77%, P = 0.500, respectively). Similarly, patients with stage II-IV, T2-T4, and N1-3 NPC showed no significant difference in OS rates between 3 and 5 years (57 vs. 51%, P = 0.063; 52 vs. 46%, P = 0.250; 54 vs. 46%, P = 0.125, respectively) in the radiotherapy group. In the chemoradiotherapy group, only the 3-year OS rate did not significantly differ from that at 5 years in stage I patients (79vs. 72%, P = 0.063).

Our study suggests that short-term surrogate endpoints may be valuable for evaluating 5-year OS outcomes in NPC patients in non-endemic areas.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-024-03460-z.

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