# Mortality Risk Assessment Using the REVEAL 2.0 Score in Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Left Heart Disease

## TL;DR

This study evaluates the REVEAL 2.0 score for predicting mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease, finding it effective for high-risk patients but less accurate for intermediate-risk groups.

## Contribution

The study assesses the applicability of the REVEAL 2.0 score in PH-LHD patients, revealing its limitations in intermediate-risk classification.

## Key findings

- High-risk PH-LHD patients had significantly worse 3-year survival compared to low-risk patients.
- Intermediate-risk PH-LHD patients showed no significant difference in 1-year survival compared to low-risk patients.
- REVEAL 2.0 accurately identified high-risk patients but failed to distinguish intermediate-risk patients from low-risk ones.

## Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates the course of patients with left heart disease (PH-LHD) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Mortality calculators for PH-LHD are lacking, and it is unclear whether any risk prediction tools originally derived from other forms of PH can accurately predict outcomes in patients with PH-LHD.

We retrospectively analyzed data from 161 patients diagnosed with PH-LHD referred to our pulmonary hypertension center from 2016 to 2022. We calculated the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL 2.0) risk score and categorized patients as low, intermediate, or high-risk. We assessed survival at 1 and 3 years using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards, as well as classification performance using a concordance index.

At the first outpatient visit, 15% of patients were stratified as low-risk, 27% as intermediate, and 57% as high-risk. Cumulative 1-year survival rates were 100%, 94%, and 91% for the low, intermediate, and high-risk strata, respectively. Cumulative 3-year survival rates were 96%, 89%, and 70% for the low, intermediate, and high-risk strata, respectively. We found no difference in outcomes at 1 year between risk groups. High-risk patients had an increased risk of death at 3 years using REVEAL 2.0 (HR 5.32, p < 0.001). However, while REVEAL 2.0 accurately discriminated high-risk patients, the hazard ratio was not statistically different between patients classified as intermediate-risk compared to low-risk.

REVEAL 2.0 accurately predicted 3-year survival in PH-LHD patients with high-risk features. However, the mortality risk between patients classified as intermediate-risk was not different from the low-risk stratum, suggesting inaccurate classification for this group of patients.