# Perceived Impacts of the Expanded Child Tax Credit Cessation Based on Family Income Level

## TL;DR

This study explores how ending the Expanded Child Tax Credit in 2022 affected families differently based on income, showing lower-income families faced more hardship.

## Contribution

The study provides qualitative insights into the differential impacts of ECTC cessation on lower- and higher-income families.

## Key findings

- Lower-income families experienced severe financial constraints and negative emotions after ECTC ended.
- Higher-income families used the ECTC as a financial buffer to meet current needs.
- Both income groups reported negative impacts from inflation and minimal tax return changes.

## Abstract

The 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit (ECTC) lifted millions of children out of poverty and drastically improved well-being. These impacts were particularly salient for families with lower income among those who received the full ECTC benefit. This study gathered lived experiences on the ECTC cessation and explored differential impacts across income levels to inform discussions around policy restoration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents who had a child (2–12 years) who received the full ECTC. Interviews occurred in May 2022 after the ECTC ended. Changes in financial security and health were assessed. Families were classified as having lower vs. higher income (LI; n=19 vs. HI; n=19) corresponding to household income below vs. above 200% of the Federal Poverty Line. Inductive analysis and constant-comparison methods generated themes on similarities/differences between groups. Results indicated families with LI experienced severe financial constraints and greater negative emotions, after the ECTC ended. Many reduced spending, budgeted, accepted financial support from family/friends, and delayed credit card payments. More families with HI reported the ECTC provided a financial buffer placingthem in a more secure position to meet current needs. Both groups reported negative impacts from inflation coinciding with the ECTC ending and minimal changes in their income tax return. Families overwhelmingly reported a desire for the ECTC to continue, despite experiencing different degrees of impact due to these financial changes. Families with LI faced greater hardships after the ECTC ended. Differences across income highlight the need for ECTC restoration, particularly for families in severely under-resourced circumstances.