# Identification of key differentially expressed immune related genes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: an integrated bioinformation analysis

## TL;DR

This study identifies key immune-related genes linked to persistent atrial fibrillation using gene expression data and bioinformatics analysis.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is identifying four key immune-related genes (CYBB, RORB, S100A12, CHGB) associated with persistent atrial fibrillation.

## Key findings

- 103 differentially expressed genes were identified, with 55 up-regulated and 48 down-regulated.
- Functional analysis showed these genes are linked to immune response, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
- CYBB, RORB, S100A12, and CHGB were confirmed as key diagnostic genes for persistent AF.

## Abstract

We aimed to investigate key differentially expressed immune related genes in persistent atrial fibrillation.

Gene expression profiles were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using “GEO query” package. “limma” package and “sva” package were used to conduct normalization and eliminate batch effects, respectively. We screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on “limma” package with the standard of |log fold change (FC)| ≥ 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed by “clusterProfler” package. We further applied LASSO to select key DEGs, and intersected key DEGs with immune related genes from ImmPort database. The ROC curve of each DEIRG was constructed to evaluate its diagnostic efficiency for AF.

A total of 103 DEGs we were screened out, of them, 48 genes were down-regulated and 55 genes were up-regulated. Result of functional enrichment analysis show that, most of DEGs were related to immune response, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Ultimately, CYBB, RORB, S100A12, and CHGB were determined as key DEIRGs, each of which displayed a favor efficiency for diagnosing persistent AF.

CYBB, RORB, S100A12, and CHGB were identified as key DEIRGs in persistent AF, and future studies are needed to further explore the underlying roles of CYBB, RORB, S100A12, and CHGB in persistent AF.