# Safety and effectiveness of clofarabine in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a post-marketing surveillance study

## TL;DR

This study examines the safety and effectiveness of clofarabine in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using real-world data.

## Contribution

The study provides real-world evidence of clofarabine's safety and effectiveness in Japanese patients, including monotherapy and combination therapy.

## Key findings

- Adverse drug reaction incidence was 83.5%, with hematologic toxicities being the most common.
- The overall effectiveness rate in patients aged ≤21 years was 47.8%.
- Combination therapy showed a higher effectiveness rate (58.8%) compared to monotherapy (10.0%).

## Abstract

Clofarabine is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, but evidence of its safety and effectiveness in Japanese patients is limited. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of clofarabine in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in real-world clinical practice in Japan.

An observational, multicenter, post-marketing, all-case surveillance was conducted for safety. Effectiveness analyses were conducted in patients aged ≤21 years and those treated with clofarabine monotherapy and combination therapy (clofarabine plus etoposide and cyclophosphamide).

In the all-case survey, 260 of 264 registered patients were eligible for safety analysis. Among the 225 patients eligible for effectiveness analysis, 139 were aged ≤21 years. For monotherapy and combination therapy, 20/31 and 34/88 patients were eligible, respectively. In the all-case survey, the median age was 16.0 years, and 47.7% of patients were <15 years old. Adverse drug reaction incidence was 83.5% and the most common were hematologic toxicities. The best overall response rates in the population aged ≤21 years were complete remission, 29.7%; complete remission without platelet recovery, 7.3% and partial remission, 10.9%. The rest (52.2%) were classified as ineffective. The sum of complete remission, complete remission without platelet recovery and partial remission rates (effectiveness rate) was 47.8% (66/138 patients). The effectiveness rates in the monotherapy and combination therapy surveys were 10.0% (2/20 patients) and 58.8% (20/34 patients), respectively.

These post-marketing surveys provide real-world evidence of the safety and effectiveness of clofarabine regimens, including monotherapy and combination therapy in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The safety and effectiveness profiles were comparable with those of previous prospective studies.

These studies provide real-world evidence of the safety and effectiveness of clofarabine administered as monotherapy and in combination with etoposide and cyclophosphamide in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.