# Acute-Onset Blindness in a Patient Diagnosed With Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease (MOG-AD): A Case Report

## TL;DR

A 28-year-old woman with acute vision loss was diagnosed with MOG-AD, highlighting the need for careful testing to distinguish it from similar neurological diseases.

## Contribution

This case report emphasizes the diagnostic challenges of MOG-AD and the importance of precise clinical evaluation.

## Key findings

- A 28-year-old Hispanic female presented with acute peripheral vision loss and was diagnosed with MOG-AD.
- Comprehensive clinical assessment and diagnostic tests were crucial for accurate diagnosis.
- MOG-AD can resemble other neurological disorders, requiring careful differentiation.

## Abstract

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOG-AD) poses a diagnostic challenge, often masquerading as other neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The deceptive clinical similarities demand a nuanced approach to differentiate these conditions effectively. This entails an extensive evaluation encompassing a meticulous medical history, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and serum studies. In this context, we present a compelling case involving a 28-year-old Hispanic female with a history of migraine headache. She sought medical attention due to acute peripheral vision loss, ultimately diagnosed as MOG-AD through a comprehensive clinical assessment coupled with specific diagnostic tests. This case underscores the critical importance of precision in diagnostic procedures to ensure accurate identification and subsequent tailored treatment for MOG-AD, avoiding potential pitfalls associated with its resemblance to other neurological disorders.