# Renal Aspergillosis Complicating Renal Allograft Transplantation: A Case Report

## TL;DR

A kidney transplant patient developed a rare fungal infection called renal aspergillosis, leading to graft failure despite treatment.

## Contribution

This case report highlights the diagnostic and management challenges of renal aspergillosis in transplant recipients.

## Key findings

- The patient developed renal aspergillosis following kidney transplantation.
- Aggressive treatment failed to prevent graft cortical necrosis and necessitated nephrectomy.
- Early recognition and intervention are critical for better outcomes in such infections.

## Abstract

Renal aspergillosis is a rare yet potentially devastating complication following renal allograft transplantation. We present the case of a 45-year-old male with a history of crescentic IgA nephropathy who underwent renal allograft transplantation from his mother. Despite initial favorable progress, he developed post-transplant renal dysfunction attributed to active antibody-mediated rejection. Subsequently, he presented with signs of systemic infection and graft dysfunction, leading to the diagnosis of renal aspergillosis. Despite aggressive management, including antifungal therapy and cessation of immunosuppression, the patient progressed to renal graft cortical necrosis, necessitating nephrectomy. This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing renal aspergillosis in transplant recipients and highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt intervention to improve outcomes in such cases.