# Radiographic Analysis of the Beef Cattle Digits Slaughtered after 114 Days of Confinement

## TL;DR

This study used radiography to analyze cattle hoof health after 114 days of confinement, finding common bone and tissue changes even in non-lame animals.

## Contribution

The study reveals new insights into radiographic changes in cattle digits during confinement, even in the absence of visible lameness.

## Key findings

- 100% of cattle showed enthesophyte and osteophyte proliferation and irregular contours in radiographs.
- A moderate correlation was found between lameness severity and internal angle values in radiographic assessments.
- Osteo-proliferative changes were prevalent in the third phalanx of Nellore cattle after 114 days of confinement.

## Abstract

Foot disorders are responsible for up to 5% of confinement losses. Identifying the cause of lameness and applying the correct treatment are crucial measures. The possibility of determining the probable origins of digital lesions, their extension, and assistance in cases in which it was not possible to reach a definitive clinical diagnosis demonstrates that the radiographic evaluation provides information of great importance on cattle digits. Thus, this study aimed to investigate possible radiographic changes in the hoof, bone structures, and soft tissues of the digits of Nelore bulls at the end of the confinement period. Regarding the main signs, 100% (n = 24) showed proliferation of enthesophytes and osteophytes and irregular contours, 62.5% (n = 15) enlargement of vascular channels, 37.5% (n = 9) osteolysis, 33.4% (n = 8) gas content in the white line region, 20.84% (n = 5) gas content in the dorsal lamina region, and 4.16% (n = 1) presented palisade periosteal reaction. Ten (41.7%) out of 24 (100%) animals evaluated at the end of the confinement presented lameness, three animals of score three, four animals of score two, and three animals of score one. The higher the score indicating the severity of the signs observed in the visual assessment of the radiographs, the higher the internal angle values (moderate correlation of 0.5 and p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of osteo-proliferative radiographic changes was identified at the end of the 114-day confinement period in the third phalanx of Nellore cattle even in animals that had no lameness.