# Molecular genetic identification of Wuzhishan ant chicken, a newly discovered resource in China

## TL;DR

This study identifies the Wuzhishan ant chicken as a genetically distinct breed in China using whole-genome analysis.

## Contribution

The paper presents the first molecular genetic analysis of the Wuzhishan ant chicken breed.

## Key findings

- The MY breed has high genetic diversity and low linkage disequilibrium compared to other breeds.
- Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the MY breed clusters separately from other chicken breeds.
- The MY breed is identified as a new genetic resource in China.

## Abstract

The Wuzhishan ant (MY) chicken exhibits significant differences from other chicken breeds. However, the molecular genetic relationship between the MY breed and other chicken breeds has not been assessed.

Whole-genome resequencing was used to compare genetic diversity, nucleotide diversity, the fixation index, the linkage disequilibrium coefficient, and phylogenetic tree relationships between the MY breed and the Wenchang (WC), Danzhou (DZ), Bawangling (BW), and Longsheng Feng (LF) breeds.

A total of 21,586,378 singlenucleotide polymorphisms and 4,253,341 insertions/deletions were screened out among the five breeds. The MY breed had the second highest genomic genetic diversity and nucleotide diversity and the lowest LD coefficient among the five breeds. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that individual birds of each breed clustered together with those of their respective breeds.

Our data indicated that the MY breed is distinct from the other breeds and can be considered a new genetic resource.