Successful treatment of cortical visual impairment in children using anti-amblyopia treatment despite the absence of amblyopia: a case report

TL;DR

A 5-year-old girl with cortical visual impairment showed improved vision after anti-amblyopia treatment, even though she did not have amblyopia.

Contribution

Demonstrates successful use of anti-amblyopia therapy in a child with CVI despite absence of amblyopia.

Findings

Corrective glasses and occlusion therapy improved visual acuity in a child with CVI.

Functional recovery was achieved through better utilization of damaged visual pathways.

Early intervention and multidisciplinary rehabilitation are important for children with CVI.

Abstract

Cortical visual impairment (CVI) is a verifiable visual dysfunction that cannot be attributed to disorders of the anterior visual pathways or any potentially co-occurring ocular impairment. Given the limited knowledge on the most effective interventions for visual impairment resulting from CVI, this case report provides valuable insights into an example of successful implementation of anti-amblyopia therapy in a patient with CVI.

This case report presents a 5-year-old girl with CVI secondary to hypoxic-ischemic injury, resulting in visual impairment, dyspraxia, and abnormal visual evoked potential testing. The girl did not suffer from amblyopia, there was no evidence of relevant refractive errors or strabismus, so visual pathway damage was the cause of her visual deficit. Nevertheless, the patient underwent anti-amblyopia therapy and showed significant improvement in visual acuity after 12 months of treatment. The improvement, resulting from visual stimulation, was due to a good functional recovery by a better usage of the damaged visual pathways. The therapy included prescribing corrective glasses and implementing secondary occlusion of the better eye for 4 months, which was protracted for another 4 months, leading to further improvements in visual acuity.

The case report shows that addressing even minor refractive errors and implementing anti-amblyopia therapy can significantly improve vision in children with CVI, even without co-existing amblyopia. It also highlights the importance of early intervention and multidisciplinary rehabilitation in children with CVI, focusing on motor and cognitive skills. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for further research to establish evidence-based practice standards for improving vision in children with CVI.

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