# 3D printed ventilation tubes and their effect on biological models

## TL;DR

This study explores 3D-printed ventilation tubes for treating ear inflammation, showing promise but also complications like degradation and tissue damage.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in applying 3D printing to create customized ventilation tubes for otitis media treatment in a rat model.

## Key findings

- 3D-printed tympanostomy tubes showed functional improvement after design adjustments.
- Histopathological results revealed significant middle and inner ear damage.
- PLA degradation and implant-related complications were observed.

## Abstract

Acute otitis media (AOM) causes inflammation and hearing loss. Ventilation tubes are key in treatment. 3D printing improves prostheses in otorhinolaryngology, offering precision and greater adaptability.

An experimental study was conducted with Wistar rats from July to December 2020. 3D tympanostomy tube models were designed, with technical specifications and tests performed on inexpensive 3D printers. The tympanostomy tube was inserted endoscopically.

Procedures were performed on five rats with implants in both ears. Pre-intervention pathologies, such as atical retraction and glue ear, were found. The PLA-printed tympanostomy tube showed improvement after adjustments. Histopathological results revealed significant middle and inner ear damage.

In our study, the design and 3D printing of implants fulfilled the desired functions when modified, with a height of 5 mm. Complications included PLA degradation and ear damage. There were no adverse events during observation, highlighting the need for further research on 3D-printed implants.