# Proposal of a domain model for 3D representation of buildings in Ecuador

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a 3D building model for Ecuador to improve urban planning and land management.

## Contribution

A novel domain model for 3D building representation aligned with Ecuadorian and international standards.

## Key findings

- The domain model was successfully applied in Riobamba canton using a geodatabase in pgAdmin4.
- The model supports efficient cadastral management and 3D representation in open-source GIS.
- The proposal serves as a benchmark for other countries facing similar urban development challenges.

## Abstract

The accelerated urban sprawl of cities around the world presents major challenges for urban planning and land resource management. In this context, it is crucial to have a detailed 3D representation of buildings enriched with accurate alphanumeric information. A distinctive aspect of this proposal is its specific focus on the spatial unit corresponding to buildings. In order to propose a domain model for the 3D representation of buildings, the national standard of Ecuador and the international standard (ISO 19152:2012 LADM) were considered. The proposal includes a detailed specification of attributes, both for the general subclass of buildings and for their infrastructure. The application of the domain model proposal was crucial in a study area located in the Riobamba canton, due to the characteristics of the buildings in that area. For this purpose, a geodatabase was created in pgAdmin4 with official information, taking into account the structure of the proposed model and linking it with geospatial data for an adequate management and 3D representation of the buildings in an open-source Geographic Information System. This application improves cadastral management in the study region and has wider implications. This model is intended to serve as a benchmark for other countries facing similar challenges in cadastral management and 3D representation of buildings, promote efficient urban development and contribute to global sustainable development.