Establishing an early warning surveillance system in jails in Calabarzon, the Philippines, 2021

TL;DR

A pilot early warning disease surveillance system was successfully tested in 21 jails in Calabarzon, Philippines, detecting health events like influenza and foodborne illness, though challenges like slow internet and limited staff remain.

Contribution

This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a jail-based early warning surveillance system in the Philippines, contributing to public health infrastructure in correctional facilities.

Findings

The system detected 10 health events, primarily influenza-like illness and foodborne illness, with 9 reported within 24 hours.

Twelve sites reported consistently over 8 of 10 weeks, with all sites promptly reporting zero cases.

Challenges included insufficient workforce, slow internet, and multitasking, but the system was deemed feasible and functional.

Abstract

The Philippines’ Republic Act 11332 (2020) mandates prisons, jails and detention centres to participate in disease surveillance, but currently no surveillance system exists in these facilities. This report aims to describe the piloting of an early warning disease surveillance system in 21 selected jails in Calabarzon from July to September 2021. Sites were selected based on congestion, proximity to health facilities and logistical capacity. Data sources, collection mechanisms and reporting tools were determined and health personnel were trained in the operation of the system. During the implementation period, the system detected 10 health events, with influenza-like illness and foodborne illness being the most common. Nine of these events were reported within 24 hours. The local health unit provided medications for clinical management and instructed jail nurses on infection prevention and control measures, including active case finding, the isolation of cases and the inspection of food handling. Twelve sites reported over 8 of the 10 weeks, with all sites reporting zero cases promptly. The challenges identified included insufficient workforce, slow internet speed and multitasking. It was concluded that the jail-based early warning surveillance system is feasible and functional, but the perceived benefits of jail management are crucial to the acceptability and ownership of the system. It is recommended to replicate the surveillance system in other penitentiaries nationwide.

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