# Facility characteristics preferred by older men seeking medical male circumcision services in Kenya: qualitative findings from the ‘Tasco’ study (May 2014-June 2016)

## TL;DR

This study explores what factors influence older men in Kenya to choose specific healthcare facilities for voluntary medical male circumcision services.

## Contribution

The study identifies facility-level and personal factors influencing men's preferences for VMMC services in Kenya.

## Key findings

- Facility location, layout, and provider skills significantly influence men's choice of VMMC services.
- Preferences are shaped by individual attitudes, knowledge, and social-cultural norms.
- Facility choice involves complex interactions between personal and facility-level factors.

## Abstract

Primary healthcare facilities are central to the implementation of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as points of access to integrated health services in line with the Kenya AIDS Strategic Framework II (2020/21-2024/25). Knowledge of factors that explain men’s uptake of VMMC and sexual health services at these facilities and preferences of where to get the services remain poorly understood. Using qualitative methodologies, we examined factors that determined facility choice for VMMC services and reasons for preferring the facility among men aged 25–39 years who previously underwent VMMC. The current study draws from focus group discussion interviews with circumcised men and their partners conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial to assess impact of two demand creation interventions in western Kenya. This involved 12 focus group discussions (FGD) with 6–10 participants each. Six FGDs were conducted with circumcised men, and 6 with their sex partners. Thematic issues relevant to a predetermined framework were identified. The themes were organized as follows: service availability, accessibility, affordability, appropriateness and, acceptability. Facility location, physical layout, organization of patient flow, infrastructure, and service provider skills were the outstanding factors affecting the choice of VMMC service outlets by men aged 25–39 years. Additionally, preferences were influenced by individual’s disposition, attitudes, knowledge of VMMC services and tacit balance between their own recognized health needs versus desire to conform to social-cultural norms. Facility choice and individual preference are intricate issues, simultaneously involving multiple but largely intra-personal and facility-level factors. The intrapersonal dimensions elicited may also reflect differential responses to strategic communications and demand creation messages with promotion and prevention frames.