# Exploring the Epidemiological Surveillance of Hepatitis A in South Africa: A 2023 Perspective

## TL;DR

This study analyzes Hepatitis A trends in South Africa in 2023, highlighting age and regional patterns and the need for updated vaccination strategies.

## Contribution

The study identifies a potential epidemiological shift in Hepatitis A, emphasizing updated immunization and surveillance strategies in South Africa.

## Key findings

- The highest seroprevalence of Hepatitis A was observed in children aged 5–9 years.
- Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Gauteng provinces showed the highest disease burden.
- Seasonal rainfall correlated with increased Hepatitis A incidence in Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.

## Abstract

Hepatitis A (HAV) presents a significant global health concern with diverse clinical manifestations primarily transmitted through fecal–oral routes, emphasizing the critical role of sanitation and water cleanliness in transmission dynamics. Age-related variations, notably asymptomatic presentation in children, add complexity. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) endemicity classification aids in understanding prevalence and control strategies. This study examines 2023 South African epidemiological data on HAV cases, evaluating age distribution, incidence rates, and provincial disparities. Data from the national surveillance system and weather services were analyzed. Findings reveal distinct age-related trends, with the highest seroprevalence observed in the 5–9 age group with the most burdened areas located in the Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and Gauteng provinces. Furthermore, seasonal rainfall variations correlate with increased incidence in Western Cape and KZN. The amalgamation of results suggest a potential epidemiological shift, emphasizing the need for updated immunization strategies. Noteworthy patterns, like the rise in 5–9-year-olds, may be influenced by factors such as school clustering and migration. Provincial disparities and the impact of climatic events underscore the necessity for dynamic vaccination strategies and surveillance network enhancements. This study highlights the urgency for improved understanding and response to HAV in South Africa.