Communications between Neutrophil–Endothelial Interaction in Immune Defense against Bacterial Infection

TL;DR

This review explains how neutrophils and endothelial cells work together to fight bacterial infections and how their interactions can lead to inflammation and potential drug targets.

Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of neutrophil–endothelial interactions and their dual role in immune defense and inflammation.

Findings

Neutrophil–endothelial interactions are crucial for immune defense and inflammation regulation.

Endothelial dysfunction can trigger harmful inflammatory cascade reactions.

Understanding these interactions offers potential therapeutic targets for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Abstract

Immune defense against bacterial infection involves a fierce struggle between bacteria and immune cells. Neutrophils, as the first line of defense, must cross the epithelial barrier to reach the infected site. During this process, communication between neutrophils and endothelial cells is crucial for regulating immune defense, cascade reactions, and inflammation. Therefore, we present the detailed steps of neutrophil–endothelial cell interactions and the principles of neutrophil biology. The overview of the research progress focuses on transendothelial neutrophil killing and how endothelial dysfunction affects inflammatory cascade reactions. These summaries of neutrophil activation and endothelial dysfunction provide potential therapeutic targets for discovering and developing antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.

The endothelial barrier plays a critical role in immune defense against bacterial infection. Efficient interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells facilitate the activation of both cell types. However, neutrophil activation can have dual effects, promoting bacterial clearance on one hand while triggering inflammation on the other. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the cellular defense progression when neutrophils encounter bacteria, focusing specifically on neutrophil–endothelial interactions and endothelial activation or dysfunction. By elucidating the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory pathways, potential therapeutic targets for inflammation caused by endothelial dysfunction may be identified. Overall, our comprehensive understanding of neutrophil–endothelial interactions in modulating innate immunity provides deeper insights into therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases and further promotes the development of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.

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