# Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward questionnaire-revised and its psychometric evaluation among Chinese person with substance use disorder

## TL;DR

This study evaluates the reliability and validity of a questionnaire measuring reinforcement sensitivity in Chinese individuals with substance use disorder.

## Contribution

The study adapts and validates the SPSRQ for use in Chinese drug users, confirming its two-factor structure and reliability.

## Key findings

- The SPSRQ showed a stable two-factor structure in individuals with substance use disorder.
- The questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity in this population.
- Reward sensitivity was found to be higher in males than in females.

## Abstract

The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) is a self-report tool widely used to assess individuals' level of reinforcement sensitivity. Drug addiction is strongly associated with reinforcement sensitivity, but there is a lack of measurement tools to assess reinforcement sensitivity in drug users, necessitating the revision and application of the SPSRQ among drug users. This study recruited 819 drug users (mean age = 34.74; 56.41% female) from five compulsory rehabilitation centers in Hunan Province, China. The applicability of the SPSRQ among person with substance use disorder was assessed by conducting reliability analyses and validity analyses, with retesting performed by 127 individuals after 6 weeks. Exploratory factor analysis for the SPSRQ showed a stable two-factor structure in person with substance use disorder. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable goodness of fit indexes for the two-factor structure. The SPSRQ also demonstrated good reliability and convergent and discriminant validity evidence. The two-factor structure of the SPSRQ also demonstrated measurement invariance across gender. Further comparative analysis found that the degree of reward sensitivity was higher for males than for females. Generally, the SPSRQ has shown evidence of good reliability and validity in Chinese drug-dependent populations, and it is suitable for research and application with Chinese person with substance use disorder. These findings about the personality traits of people with substance use disorder provide a solid basis for further research.