# Symptoms and Factors Associated With Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Among the Population of Qassim, Saudi Arabia

## TL;DR

This study found that 12.2% of people in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, experience Eustachian tube dysfunction, with risk factors including hearing loss history and smoking.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into ETD prevalence and risk factors specific to the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

## Key findings

- ETD prevalence in Qassim is 12.2%, with the 18-25 age group and females being most affected.
- Hearing loss history and smoking are significant predictors of ETD.
- Symptoms like feeling blocked or underwater correlate with more severe ETD symptoms.

## Abstract

Introduction

The Eustachian tube regulates middle ear functions such as ventilation and pressure normalization. Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is defined as the failure of the Eustachian tube to maintain one or more of its functions. It is a common condition that is associated with other middle ear disorders such as cholesteatoma, tympanic membrane atelectasis, and otitis media with effusion (OME). This study aims to assess ETD prevalence and risk factors in the Qassim region.

Methodology

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia during the period from September 20 to October 10, 2023. Data were gathered via a validated, self-administered electronic questionnaire that encompasses socio-demographic information, the prevalence of ETD, and the prevalence of its various symptoms, as assessed by the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7).

Results

Our study in Qassim, Saudi Arabia, with 467 participants reveals a high prevalence of ETD at 12.2%. The 18-25 age group dominates (50.1%), with a majority of females (66.2%). Symptom analysis using the ETDQ-7 questionnaire shows varied prevalence, with severe pain (7%) and muffled hearing (29.8%) notable. Logistic regression identifies significant predictors, including hearing loss history (odds ratio = 28.2) and smoking (odds ratio = 3.70). Specific symptoms, such as feeling blocked or underwater, significantly correlate with more severe ETD symptoms (odds ratio = 1.73).

Conclusion

Our study highlights a notable prevalence of ETD. Significant predictors, including hearing loss history and smoking, were identified. Specific symptoms, such as feeling blocked or underwater, were associated with more severe ETD symptoms.