# Use of Three-dimensional Printing for Tibial Pilon Fracture Diagnosis and Treatment

**Authors:** Leonardo Wustro, João Luiz Vieira da Silva, Bruno Arnaldo Bonacin Moura, Helena Squizatto Schoenberger, Debora Takito, Júlio César Honório D'Agostini

PMC · DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785514 · Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia · 2024-06-22

## TL;DR

This study examines if 3D printing improves agreement among orthopedists in classifying and treating tibial pilon fractures.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the impact of 3D printing on diagnostic agreement for tibial pilon fractures using classification systems.

## Key findings

- 3D printing did not improve agreement on treatment proposals for tibial pilon fractures.
- Agreement on AO/OTA classification improved for foot and ankle specialists using 3D models.
- The statistical relevance of 3D printing remains suboptimal for most specialists.

## Abstract

Objective
 To evaluate whether three-dimensional (3D) printing increases agreement in the classification of tibial pilon fractures.

Methods
 Orthopedists and traumatologists reviewed radiographs, computed tomography scans with 3D reconstruction, and prototyping 3D printing, and classified the fractures based on the Rüedi-Allgöwer and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO, Association for the Study of Internal Fixation) Foundation/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification systems. Next, data evaluation used Kappa agreement coefficients.

Results
 The use of the 3D model did not improve agreement for tibial pilon fractures regarding the treatment proposed by the groups. Regarding the classification systems, the agreement only improved concerning the AO/OTA classification when the 3D model was used in the assessment by the foot and ankle specialists.

Conclusion
 Although 3D printing is statistically relevant for surgeons specializing in foot and ankle, its values remain lower than optimal.

Objetivo
 Avaliar se a impressão tridimensional (3D) aumenta a concordância na classificação de fraturas do pilão tibial.

Métodos
 Foram selecionadas radiografias, tomografias com reconstrução 3D e impressão de prototipagem em impressora 3D. Os exames foram apresentados a profissionais da área de Ortopedia e Traumatologia que classificaram as fraturas com base nas classificações da Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO, Associação para o Estudo da Fixação Interna) Foundation/Orthopedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) e de Rüedi-Allgöwer. Posteriormente, os dados foram avaliados pelos coeficientes de concordância de Kappa.

Resultados
 O uso do modelo 3D não melhorou a concordância na fratura do pilão tibial quanto ao tratamento proposto pelos grupos. Em relação aos sistemas de classificação, somente a concordância na classificação AO/OTA melhorou quando foi utilizado o modelo 3D na avaliação pelos especialistas em pé e tornozelo.

Conclusão
 Apesar de o uso da impressão 3D ter relevância estatística para os cirurgiões especialistas em pé e tornozelo, ainda apresenta valores menores do que os ideais.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** tibial pilon fractures (MESH:D013978), Orthopedic Trauma (MESH:D009140), Pilon Fracture (MESH:D050723)

## Full text

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## References

23 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11193579/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11193579