Timely Albumin Infusion May Improve Resource Utilization in Patients with Cirrhosis and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

TL;DR

Giving albumin within 24 hours to cirrhosis patients with bacterial peritonitis may reduce hospital stays and costs.

Contribution

This study identifies the optimal timing for albumin administration to reduce hospital resource use in cirrhosis patients with SBP.

Findings

Timely albumin administration reduced median time to discharge by nearly a day.

Patients receiving timely albumin had 16% lower hospital costs.

The study used a large dataset to evaluate albumin timing's impact on hospitalization outcomes.

Abstract

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a life-threatening complication of cirrhosis that can increase healthcare utilization. The impact of albumin administration timing on hospital resource utilization and its optimal timing is unclear, despite its efficacy in improving survival for cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the timing of albumin administration on the length of stay and total hospital cost for patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis who require fluid resuscitation. The study utilized de-identified data from Cerner Health Facts® data. Adult inpatients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis and SBP receiving ≥1 antibiotic and fluid resuscitation between January 1, 2009, and April 30, 2018, were included and stratified by albumin administration timing: ≤24 hours from hospital admission (“timely albumin”) or >24 hours of admission or no albumin (“non-timely albumin”). We used a Kaplan-Meier curve with log-rank test to evaluate the association between timing of albumin administration and time to hospital discharge and a generalized linear model to examine the association between albumin timing and total hospital costs. We identified 1,308 hospitalizations, of which 301 contained valid cost data. The timely albumin group had a median time to discharge of 6.95 days compared to 7.78 days in the non-timely group (p = 0.02). Cost model showed that receiving timely albumin incurred 16% lower costs (p = 0.027) than patients in the non-timely albumin group. Timely albumin administration with an antibiotic regimen may shorten the length of stay and lower costs, thereby reducing hospital resource utilization in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis requiring fluid resuscitation.

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