# Association of intensity and dominance of CEOs’ smiles with corporate performance

## TL;DR

This study found that the intensity of a CEO's smile is linked to better company profits, especially when the smile appears dominant.

## Contribution

The study introduces the idea that the type of smile (dominant vs. affiliative) affects the relationship between a CEO's expression and corporate performance.

## Key findings

- Smile intensity is positively associated with company profit after controlling for culture and gender.
- Dominant smiles show a significant link to profit, unlike reward or affiliative smiles.
- The relationship between CEO smiles and performance is discussed in the context of group strategy.

## Abstract

This study investigated whether the facial expressions of chief executive officers (CEOs) are associated with corporate performance. A photograph of the CEO or president of each company that appeared on the Fortune Global 500 list for 2018 was taken from the company’s official website. The smile intensity and action unit activation in each face were calculated using a pre-trained machine learning algorithm, FACET. The results revealed a positive association between smile intensity and company profit, even when controlling for the company’s geographic location (Western culture versus others) and the CEO’s gender. Furthermore, when the type of smile was examined with the activation of each action unit, this significant positive association was identified in the dominant smile but not in the reward and affiliative smiles. Relationships among the leader’s smile intensity, group strategy, and group performance are discussed.