# Serum protein profiling reveals mechanism of activated thrombus formation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation

## TL;DR

This study uses serum protein profiling to uncover how thrombus formation differs in stroke patients with and without atrial fibrillation, revealing key inflammatory and hormonal mechanisms.

## Contribution

The study identifies novel protein networks and mechanisms involved in thrombus formation in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation.

## Key findings

- Patients with ischemic stroke and AF showed activated inflammatory responses via C-reactive protein and other markers.
- Thyroid hormone levels increased due to reduced transthyretin and retinol-binding protein 4 in AF patients.
- The study confirmed mechanisms linking enhanced cardiac activity and vasodilation to thrombosis in AF.

## Abstract

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease in which blood flow to the brain is suddenly disrupted, causing damage to nerve cells. It involves complex and diverse pathophysiological processes and the treatment strategies are also diverse. The treatment for patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation (AF) is aimed at suppressing thrombus formation and migration. However, information regarding the protein networking involved in different thrombus formation pathways in patients with AF and stroke is insufficient. We performed protein profiling of patients with ischemic stroke with and without AF to investigate the mechanisms of thrombus formation and its pathophysiological association while providing helpful information for treating and managing patients with AF. These two groups were compared to identify the protein networks related to thrombus formation in AF. We observed that patients with ischemic stroke and AF had activated inflammatory responses induced by C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1. In contrast, thyroid hormones were increased due to a decrease in transthyretin and retinol-binding protein 4 levels. The mechanism underlying enhanced cardiac activity, vasodilation, and the resulting thrombosis pathway were confirmed in AF. These findings will play an essential role in improving the prevention and treatment of AF-related stroke.