# Co-occurrence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Septo-Optic Dysplasia: A Neurodevelopmental Case Report

## TL;DR

This case report explores the rare co-occurrence of septo-optic dysplasia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a child.

## Contribution

The paper highlights a less recognized association between septo-optic dysplasia and ADHD, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary care.

## Key findings

- A six-year-old with septo-optic dysplasia was diagnosed with ADHD after psychological evaluation.
- The case underscores the importance of comprehensive assessment for neurodevelopmental disorders in SOD patients.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for managing complex cases involving SOD and ADHD.

## Abstract

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by optic nerve hypoplasia, brain midline structure anomalies, and hypothalamic-pituitary axis hypoplasia. This case report aims to highlight the association between SOD and neurodevelopmental disorders, focusing on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in addition to the well-established link with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A six-year-old male diagnosed with SOD presented with behavioral concerns, including attention and impulse control issues. A comprehensive psychological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of ADHD and ruled out ASD. Ophthalmological assessments were integral to understanding the patient's condition. This case underscores the importance of recognizing neurodevelopmental disorders in individuals with SOD, with a particular focus on the less common association with ADHD. The co-occurrence of these conditions underscores the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders and the need for comprehensive evaluation and management. Collaboration between ophthalmologists and mental health specialists is crucial for addressing the diverse needs of these patients. Early identification and intervention for ADHD are essential for optimal developmental outcomes. This case underscores the necessity for further research to elucidate the relationship between SOD and ADHD, emphasizing the importance of holistic patient care and interdisciplinary collaboration in managing individuals with SOD spectrum conditions.