# Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the PHD Finger Gene Family in Pea (Pisum sativum)

## TL;DR

This study identifies and analyzes PHD finger genes in pea, revealing their roles in plant development and providing insights for future research in legumes.

## Contribution

The first comprehensive identification and expression analysis of the PHD finger gene family in pea (Pisum sativum).

## Key findings

- 84 PHD finger genes were identified in pea, distributed unevenly across seven chromosomes.
- Subfamily M members PsPHD11 and PsPHD16 show high expression in microspores and the tapetum layer.
- Collinearity analysis shows conserved evolutionary relationships among PHD finger genes in pea, Arabidopsis, and Medicago.

## Abstract

The plant homeodomain finger (PHD finger) protein, a type of zinc finger protein extensively distributed in eukaryotes, plays diverse roles in regulating plant growth and development. While PHD finger proteins have been identified in various species, their functions remain largely unexplored in pea (Pisum sativum). In this study, we identified 84 members of the PHD finger gene family in pea, which displayed an uneven distribution across seven chromosomes. Through a comprehensive analysis using data from Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula, we categorized the PHD finger proteins into 20 subfamilies via phylogenetic tree analysis. Each subfamily exhibited distinct variations in terms of quantity, genetic structure, conserved domains, and physical and chemical properties. Collinearity analysis revealed conserved evolutionary relationships among the PHD finger genes across the three different species. Furthermore, we identified the conserved and important roles of the subfamily M members in anther development. RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization revealed high expression of the pea subfamily M members PsPHD11 and PsPHD16 in microspores and the tapetum layer. In conclusion, this analysis of the PHD finger family in pea provides valuable guidance for future research on the biological roles of PHD finger proteins in pea and other leguminous plants.