# Multi-Force Bio-Active™ Archwires and Various Contemporary NiTi Multi-Force Archwires: Properties and Characteristics—A Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the properties of Bio-Active archwires and their evolution, helping orthodontists choose the right wires for patient treatments.

## Contribution

The paper provides a focused review of Bio-Active multi-force NiTi archwires, emphasizing their unique properties and clinical relevance.

## Key findings

- Bio-Active archwires release graduated forces influenced by environmental temperature.
- The archwires contain Ni, Ti, Fe, and Cr, with biologically tolerable force characteristics.
- Independent validation of manufacturer claims is necessary for clinical decision-making.

## Abstract

The manufacturing of orthodontic archwires made from NiTi alloy has undergone numerous changes from the second half of the last century to modern times. Initially, superelastic-active austenitic NiTi alloys were predominant, followed by thermodynamic-active martensitic NiTi alloys, and, finally, the most recent development was graded thermodynamic alloys. These advancements have been the subject of extensive investigation in numerous studies, as they necessitated a deeper understanding of their properties. Furthermore, it is imperative that we validate the information provided by manufacturers regarding these archwires through independent studies. This review evaluates existing studies on the subject with a specific focus on the Bio-active multi-force NiTi archwire, by examining its mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties before and after clinical use. This archwire consists primarily of Ni and Ti, with traces of Fe and Cr, which release graduated, biologically tolerable forces which increase in a front-to-back direction and are affected by the temperature of the environment they are in. The review provides information to practicing orthodontists, facilitating informed decisions regarding the selection and use of Bio-active™ archwires for individual patient treatments.