# Analysis of Density Distribution in a Cylindrical Specimen under Compaction Using the Example of Dry Ice

## TL;DR

This paper studies how the density of compacted dry ice varies in a cylindrical shape during a compaction process.

## Contribution

The study introduces a numerical analysis using the Drucker–Prager/cap model to assess density distribution in compacted dry ice.

## Key findings

- The Drucker–Prager/cap model effectively simulated changes in mechanical properties during compaction.
- Variable parameters like diameter, height, and density of cylindrical specimens affect material homogeneity.
- The study provides insights into improving homogeneity in compacted materials.

## Abstract

When dealing with processes involving the compaction of bulk materials, very often the quality of the product is determined based on density measurements. Methods used in the industry do not produce compacted materials with high degrees of homogeneity. As a result, the quality of the resulting product, interpreted as its density, varies over the cross-section of the product. In this article, the authors present the results of a numerical study involving the analysis of the density distribution of compacted dry ice during the reciprocating process. The Drucker–Prager/cap model was used in this study, which allowed the change in mechanical properties of the compacted material to be taken into account during the simulation of the process. The diameter, height and density of the cylindrical specimens used in the numerical tests were taken as the variable parameters. Thus, as a result of the testing, the authors could formulate conclusions relating to their impact on the homogeneity of the material.