# Identification and Genome Characterization of a Novel Nege-like Virus Isolated from Aphids (Aphis gossypii) in Yunnan Province

## TL;DR

A new virus, AGNLV, was discovered in aphids in Yunnan, China, and its genome structure was analyzed, revealing unique features compared to related viruses.

## Contribution

The first identification of a nege-like virus in the genus Aphis, with a distinct genome structure and phylogenetic placement.

## Key findings

- AGNLV has a genome of 9258 nt encoding three ORFs, differing from related viruses with four ORFs.
- Phylogenetic analysis places AGNLV in an unclassified clade with other aphid-associated nege-like viruses.
- AGNLV's 5′ UTR shows translational enhancement similar to plant viruses.

## Abstract

Negeviruses are insect-specific enveloped RNA viruses that exhibit a wide geographic distribution. A novel nege-like virus, tentatively named Aphis gossypii nege-like virus (AGNLV, GenBank: OR880429.1), was isolated from aphids (Aphis gossypii) in Lijiang City, Yunnan, China. AGNLV has a genome sequence of 9258 nt (excluding the polyA tail) encoding three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 (7149 nt) encodes a viral methyltransferase, a viral RNA helicase, and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. ORF2 (1422 nt) encodes a DiSB-ORF2_chro domain and ORF3 encodes an SP24 domain. The genome sequence of AGNLV shares the highest nucleotide identity of 60.0% and 59.5% with Wuhan house centipede virus 1 (WHCV1) and Astegopteryx formosana nege-like virus (AFNLV), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase shows that AGNLV is clustered with other negeviruses and nege-like viruses discovered in aphids, forming a distinct “unclassified clade”. Interestingly, AGNLV only encodes three ORFs, whereas AFNLV and WHCV1 have four ORFs. Structure and transmembrane domain predictions show the presence of eight alpha helices and five transmembrane helices in the AGNLV ORF3. Translational enhancement of the AGNLV 5′ UTR was similar to that of the 5′ UTR of plant viruses. Our findings provide evidence of the diversity and structure of nege-like viruses and are the first record of such a virus from a member of the genus Aphis.