# Integrating Multiple Database Resources to Elucidate the Gene Flow in Southeast Asian Pig Populations

## TL;DR

This study explores gene flow in Southeast Asian pigs by analyzing genetic data and identifying specific genes linked to traits like fat mass and immunity.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific loci and genes in pigs that show signs of selection and gene flow from European and Vietnamese pigs.

## Key findings

- Admixture from European pigs was found in Yunnan indigenous pigs.
- Three loci on chromosome 8 showed strong selection signatures and contain genes related to fat mass, immunity, and litter weight.
- Gene exchange from Vietnamese pigs may have shaped the Diannan small-ear pig's genetic makeup.

## Abstract

The domestic pig (Sus scrofa) and its subfamilies have experienced long-term and extensive gene flow, particularly in Southeast Asia. Here, we analyzed 236 pigs, focusing on Yunnan indigenous, European commercial, East Asian, and Southeast Asian breeds, using the Pig Genomics Reference Panel (PGRP v1) of Pig Genotype-Tissue Expression (PigGTEx) to investigate gene flow and associated complex traits by integrating multiple database resources. In this study, we discovered evidence of admixtures from European pigs into the genome of Yunnan indigenous pigs. Additionally, we hypothesized that a potential conceptual gene flow route that may have contributed to the genetic composition of the Diannan small-ear pig is a gene exchange from the Vietnamese pig. Based on the most stringent gene introgression scan using the fd statistic, we identified three specific loci on chromosome 8, ranging from 51.65 to 52.45 Mb, which exhibited strong signatures of selection and harbored the NAF1, NPY1R, and NPY5R genes. These genes are associated with complex traits, such as fat mass, immunity, and litter weight, in pigs, as supported by multiple bio-functionalization databases. We utilized multiple databases to explore the potential dynamics of genetic exchange in Southeast Asian pig populations and elucidated specific gene functionalities.