# Pedigree analysis and molecular mechanism study of hereditary glanzmann thrombasthenia caused by compound heterozygous mutation of the ITGA2B gene

**Authors:** 晓梅 卢, 栋彦 付, 耀方 张, 丽东 赵, 蕾 王, 嘉 杨, 杰 刘, 嘉伟 郑, 林花 杨, 刚 王

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20230816-00070 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2024-04-01

## TL;DR

This study identifies genetic mutations in the ITGA2B gene causing Glanzmann thrombasthenia in a family and explores their molecular effects.

## Contribution

The paper reports a novel compound heterozygous mutation in ITGA2B and its impact on platelet function and protein structure.

## Key findings

- Compound heterozygous mutations c.480C>G and c.2929C>T in ITGA2B cause Glanzmann thrombasthenia.
- c.480C>G leads to mRNA splicing defects and structural protein changes.
- c.2929C>T reduces mRNA levels and produces a truncated protein missing key domains.

## Abstract

对一个ITGA2B基因复合杂合突变导致的遗传性血小板无力症家系进行表型及基因型研究，并探索其分子致病机制。

使用二磷酸腺苷、胶原、肾上腺素、花生四烯酸及瑞斯托霉素等诱聚剂进行血小板聚集试验，检测先证者及家系成员的血小板聚集率。通过流式细胞术检测血小板表面CD41（αⅡb）、CD61（β3）、CD42b（GPⅠb）的表达。采用基因测序技术进行基因鉴定。利用RT-PCR检测ITGA2B基因mRNA剪接情况，qRT-PCR检测ITGA2B基因mRNA相对水平。生物信息学分析评估突变位点的致病性及对蛋白结构和功能的影响。通过Western blot检测分析血小板总αⅡb、β3的表达。

除瑞斯托霉素外其他4种诱聚剂均无法使先证者血小板聚集。流式细胞术检测先证者血小板表面αⅡb的表达仅为0.25％，β3弱表达为9.76％，而GPⅠb表达相对正常，其余家系成员膜糖蛋白表达基本正常。基因测序结果显示先证者存在ITGA2B基因c.480C>G与c.2929C>T复合杂合突变，其中c.480C>G突变遗传自其母亲，c.2929C>T遗传自其父亲。RT-PCR及测序结果表明c.480C>G突变导致先证者及其母亲发生c.476G-574A（p.S160-S192）共99个碱基缺失的mRNA剪接。qRT-PCR检测发现c.2929C>T突变导致先证者及其父亲ITGA2B基因mRNA水平减低。生物信息学分析提示c.480C>G突变形成了与hnRNP A1蛋白结合序列，产生了5′SS剪接位点。αⅡb亚基的蛋白三维结构模型显示，p.S160-S192缺失的β-propeller结构域第2 blade缺失两条β链和一个α螺旋；c.2929C>T无义突变使得翻译提前终止产生p.R977-E1039缺失的截短型蛋白，包括胞质域（CD）、跨膜域（TM）以及胞外Calf-2结构域一条β链的缺失。Western blot检测先证者血小板总αⅡb表达缺失、β3的相对表达量为正常人的11.36％。

ITGA2B基因第4外显子c.480C>G与第28外显子c.2929C>T的复合杂合突变是本家系遗传性血小板无力症的致病原因。

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** ITGA2B (integrin subunit alpha 2b) [NCBI Gene 3674]
- **Proteins:** ITGA2B (integrin subunit alpha 2b), ITGB3 (integrin subunit beta 3), GP1BA (glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha), HNRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1), IGKV4-1 (immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-1)
- **Chemicals:** ADP (PubChem CID 6022), epinephrine (PubChem CID 838), arachidonic acid (PubChem CID 444899), ristocetin (PubChem CID 16204749)
- **Diseases:** Glanzmann thrombasthenia (MONDO:0031332)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** HNRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1) [NCBI Gene 505093] {aka HNRPA1, hnRNP A1}, ITGA2B (integrin subunit alpha 2b) [NCBI Gene 515011]
- **Diseases:** Hereditary Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (MESH:D009386), Glanzmann thrombasthenia (MESH:D013915), platelet aggregation (MESH:D001791)
- **Chemicals:** adenosine diphosphate (MESH:D000244), epinephrine (MESH:D004837), arachidonic acid (MESH:D016718), ristocetin (MESH:D012310)
- **Mutations:** c.480C>G, c.476G-574A, c.2929C>T

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

26 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11168003/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC11168003