# Evaluation of postoperative complications of hypospadias using high-frequency ultrasound imaging

## TL;DR

This study uses high-frequency ultrasound to identify and categorize complications after hypospadias surgery, aiding in timely diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The study provides a detailed catalog of ultrasound findings for post-hypospadias complications, enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

## Key findings

- Ultrasound detected 26 cases of urethral stricture among 121 subjects.
- Intraurethral hair-like structures were observed in six patients.
- Ultrasound proved effective in identifying complications like urethral diverticulum and urine accumulation.

## Abstract

Various complications following hypospadias surgery present distinct manifestations when examined with ultrasound. Utilizing high-frequency ultrasound, clinicians can promptly identify these complications and initiate appropriate treatment. The aim of this study is to catalogue the ultrasonographic presentations of various postoperative complications following hypospadias surgery, thereby providing a reference for ultrasonographic diagnosis.

Ultrasonic images of post-hypospadias surgery from October 1, 2015, to June 30, 2023, recorded at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, serve as the basis for this investigation. Drawing on patient clinical diagnoses, this study compiles and selects representative ultrasound images of diverse complications.

The study encompassed a total of 121 subjects; 26 demonstrated urethral stricture on ultrasonic images, two presented local urethral dilation, six showed intraurethral hair-like structures, 17 revealed intraurethral septum, two exhibited intraurethral fold, one had urethral calculus, one displayed urethral calcification, 12 indicated intraurethral urine accumulation, and two showed urethral diverticulum.

Ultrasound examination is helpful for postoperative diagnosis following hypospadias, detecting complications such as urethral stricture, urethral hair growth, and urethral diverticulum, which can help doctors choose appropriate clinical treatment strategies.