The Impact of Mask-Wearing on Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

TL;DR

This study examines how mask-wearing during the pandemic affected allergic rhinitis symptoms in Saudi Arabia, finding no overall improvement in nasal symptoms but increased use of medications.

Contribution

This study provides new insights into the effects of mask-wearing on allergic rhinitis symptoms in a Saudi population during the pandemic.

Findings

Mask-wearing did not significantly change nasal symptom severity in allergic rhinitis patients.

Ophthalmic symptoms worsened significantly during mask use.

Increased use of AR drugs was associated with symptom improvement when masks were worn.

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa caused by certain allergens that may be found indoors or outdoors, and it greatly impacts the patient’s quality of life. The COVID-19 epidemic offers an excellent chance to examine how using a face mask affects allergy.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of face mask wearing on AR symptoms among subjects living in the northern, southern, eastern, western, and central regions of Saudi Arabia.

Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional, survey-based study was undertaken in all Saudi Arabia regions in 2022. We included female and male adults living in Saudi Arabia who have AR and completed the Arabic version of an electronic self-administered questionnaire.

Results: The overall received responses were 2252. According to the study eligibility criteria, we assessed the data of 470 participants who self-reported to have been diagnosed with AR. There was no significant change in the proportions of nasal symptoms severity before and after wearing face masks during the pandemic (p = 0.867), while a significant negative change was observed in the rates of moderate and severe ophthalmic symptoms (p < 0.001). The need for AR drugs was significantly increased during the pandemic (no need for drugs was reported by 45.3% before the pandemic and by 37.9% during the pandemic, p < 0.001). However, the use of AR drugs was significantly associated with the improvement of AR symptoms (p < 0.001); complete and partial eliminations of AR symptoms were higher with the use of masks during the pandemic (11.3% and 36.8%) than before the pandemic period (10.6% and 34.5%).

Conclusions: Face mask usage was not associated with improved symptoms or severity of AR. Wearing the masks was associated with increased severity of ophthalmic symptoms. The use of face masks was associated with a significant increase in the partial and complete elimination of AR symptoms with the use of AR drugs, particularly with the constant use of masks.