# The Psychological Impact and Behavioral Changes Among the Medical Students of Islamabad and Rawalpindi Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

## TL;DR

This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health and behaviors of medical students in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into gender-specific psychological and behavioral changes among medical students during the pandemic in Pakistan.

## Key findings

- 65% of students reported increased stress, 52.8% felt less energy, and 50.5% experienced anxiety with respiratory symptoms.
- Behavioral changes included increased hygiene practices and reduced outdoor activities, with 70.3% leaving home less frequently.
- Females showed significantly higher stress levels and greater mask-related avoidance behaviors compared to males.

## Abstract

Introduction

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift in global lifestyles as individuals sought to safeguard themselves and their loved ones from the virus. This adaptation involved embracing a distinct way of life marked by social distancing, reduced outdoor engagements, and home confinement. Consequently, this period of quarantine led to diminished social interactions, challenges in accessing essential resources such as food, heightened unemployment rates, and increased burden on healthcare systems. Understandably, these circumstances gave rise to heightened emotions including fear, depression, and anxiety. In response to these dynamics, our research aimed to explore the psychological and behavioral shifts among medical students residing in Islamabad and Rawalpindi (the twin cities of Pakistan) during the year 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A structured, self-administered questionnaire was constructed, based on previously conducted surveys, assessing the psychological impact and behavioral changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was made available online through Google Forms and was provided to students of the various medical colleges of the twin cities of Pakistan. The results were further stratified based on gender.

Results

Categorical data were collected from 400 medical students studying in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The negative psychological impact was shown by increased stress, 260 (65%), feeling of less energy, 211 (52.8%), and increased anxiety with upper respiratory symptoms, 202 (50.5%). Behavioral changes were also a reflection of the psychological changes depicted by an increased use of disinfectants, 256 (64%), increased desire to clean surfaces, 262 (65.6%), increased use of soaps and detergents, 300 (75%), reduced number of times one left their house 281, (70.3%), and decreased consumption of food products from outside, 226 (56.5%). When compared between the two genders, females had significantly increased stress levels (p=0.034), decreased food consumption from outside (p=0.026), and increased avoidance of people not wearing masks (p=0.001).

Conclusion

Through our study, we identified the various psychological and behavioral changes among our population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study not only highlights these changes but also discusses the various ways to address them. This study would help relevant organizations to understand the broader aspect of how this pandemic has affected individual lives and will also give them ideas regarding how to cater to these changes in a positive way.